Moderndị shuga shuga nke oge a bụ mkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke ndị na-azụ America. Na 1747, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si America chọpụtara na beets ọcha nwere otu shuga dị ka okpete shuga - 1.3%. Ugbu a, ụdị ndị ngwakọ teknụzụ, nke ndị na-azụ ihe zụrụ maka mmepụta shuga, nwere ihe karịrị 20% nke ihe okike. N’agbanyeghi na nka bu omenaala oru, ndi mmadu emeela ka ha were ya were rie nri, dika ndi eji eme ndi obodo, ya na nri maka anu ulo.
Njirimara shuga biiti
White sugar beet bụ akwukwo nri, akwukwo nri gbara afọ abụọ, ụdị uhie na-acha uhie uhie. N’afọ mbụ, ọ na-etolite nnukwu, oblong, ok, mgbọrọgwụ anụ na rosette siri ike nke nnukwu epupụta n’ime ala.
Nke a bụ ihe kachasị mkpa shuga na-eto na nnukwu mpaghara nke ala akọpụtara. Sucrose etoju mbido 8-10 ka 20% ma na-adabere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke mpaghara na-eto eto, ọnọdụ agrotechnical, ebe ọ bụ na ọdịbendị chọrọ ọtụtụ okpomọkụ, mmiri, ìhè anyanwụ.
Karịsịa ọtụtụ okpomọkụ nke anyanwụ dị mkpa maka akwukwo nri n'oge oge chara acha nke mgbọrọgwụ akuku - site n’Ọgọst ruo na ngwụsị Ọktọba... Ọ bụ n’oge a ka shuga na-agbakọba n’ime ya.
Sugar biiti na-arụpụta 100%. A na-edozi ihe mkpofu fọdụrụ na mmepụta shuga, jiri ya na ụlọ ọrụ ọ dịkwa ezigbo mkpa.
A na-eji ihe eji emepụta ihe iji nweta:
- pulp - mkpofu n'ụdị beet ịkpụ, eji nri maka ehi, ezì;
- sirop - eji ya na ụlọ ọrụ nri maka imepụta yist, citric acid, glycerin, organic acids na mmanya;
- nkwarụ (Ma ọ bụ defecation apịtị) - wayo fatịlaịza maka osisi.
Ọzọkwa, a na-eji akwụkwọ nri shuga emepụta ethanolachọrọ na teknụzụ na-emepụta mmanụ ụgbọala.
Itolite akụkọ ihe mere eme
Mmepụta shuga site na beets bidoro na narị afọ nke 19 na etiti Europe (New Silesia), ebe osisi ahụ dị, wee gbasaa ngwa ngwa. N’ọkara nke mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, amịpụtara beets kụrụ wee tolite n’ókèala Russia na Ukraine nke oge a.
Ọnụnọ nke tụụrụ ala chernozem na ihu igwe ọkụ na-akọwa mpaghara nke ịkọ ihe ubi: Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, mpaghara ojii ụwa dị na ndịda Russia, yana mba ndịda na etiti Europe.
Maka afọ 2014, ndị isi na-akọ ihe ubi na ịmịpụta shuga sitere na ya bụ:
- France - ihe dị ka nde tọn 40;
- Russia - ntakịrị karịa 30 nde tọn;
- Germany - tọn 30 nde;
- USA - tọn 28.5;
- Ukraine - tọn 16 nde;
- Poland - tọn 14 nde.
Na ngụkọta, ihe dị ka nde 280 beets a toro n'ụwa.
Nri ma ọ bụ anụ ụlọ
N'ezie, nke mbụ, ọdịbendị a bụ teknụzụ, mana mgbọrọgwụ kụrụ dị mma fodder isi n'ihi na ezi na ehi ozuzu.
Akwụkwọ na rhizomes nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu uru bara uru: 100 n'arọ nke beets nwere nkeji iri abụọ na ise (a na-ewere ya na 1 ndepụta nri dị ka 1 n'arọ nke otis na uru nri) na kilogram 1.2 nke protein bara uru, na 100 n'arọ nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere nkeji iri abụọ na abụọ na kilogram 2.2 nke protein. ...
N'otu oge, site n'oge owuwe ihe ubi arọ nke epupụta mgbọrọgwụ odika 1: 2... Akụkụ nke akwụkwọ nwere ike ịbụ site na 40 ruo 60% nke ibu nke akwukwo nri.
Ma e wezụga nke a, a na-ejikarị beets shuga na nri nri na ọgwụ ọdịnala... Osisi nwere ọgaranya vitamin na ịnweta mejupụtara: ayodiin, site, magnesium, ọla kọpa, ígwè, calcium, vitamin B, eyi, C, betadine, pectins.
Ngwaahịa a na-enyere aka ịbawanye ọgụ, haemoglobin, nwere mmetụta bara uru na ọrụ nke sistemụ obi, melite ọrụ nke sistemu nri, na-ewepu ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na ahụ.
Akwukwo nri nwere contraindications maka iji na akụrụ ọrịa, -arịa ọrịa shuga, ibu n'ihi na elu ọdịnaya nke sucrose.
Njirimara nke ubi na ọnọdụ ugbo na Russia
Ugbo na akuku shuga beets bu oru siri ike nke choro irubere iwu nile isi na usoro ihe omuma.
Ntughari akuku na ndi buru uzo buru ibu dika ndi enyi - nkpuru ahihia, nkpuru ahihia - bu ihe di nkpa.
Technologygha nkà na ụzụ
A na-akụ ala n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, na omimi nke 30 cm, mgbe itinyechara fatịlaịza zuru ezu. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, ala ahụ na-eweda ala, na-akọ ugbo ma na-emegharị ya.
Ghaa mkpụrụ na ikuku ikuku 8-10 ogo Celsius na omimi 5 cm... Daysbọchị 5 mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ, a na-eme mkparịta ụka na-apụta tupu ebibi ahịhịa, belata ala.
Seedlings egosi ugbua 8-10 ụbọchị mgbe agha. A na-ebu ụzọ tọhapụ ala ahụ mgbe ọdịdị nke ezi akwụkwọ mbụ pụtara na omimi nke 5-7 cm.
Nzọụkwụ ọzọ - seedling mkpa (bouquet). Nke a bụ usoro kachasị sie ike, na-agwụ ike, mana usoro dị mkpa, mgbe nke a gasịrị, beets kachasị ike ma sie ike nọ n'ọhịa.
Nlekọta nke ihe ubi na-esote na ịtọghe ala n'etiti ahịrị na ịgbara mmiri mmiri ruo ugboro 4-5 n'ọnwa... A na-akwụsị ịgbara mmiri na ọkara nke abụọ nke Septemba, ụbọchị 7-10 tupu mmalite owuwe ihe ubi.
Owuwe ihe ubi
Owuwe ihe ubi na-amalite n'oge dị iche iche na mpaghara dị iche iche, site na mbubreyo September ruo etiti October.
Green epupụta enweghị ike isi ọnwụ ruo ogologo oge, ya mere na-egbute akuku ozugbo zigara nhazi osisi... N'ebe ahụ, a na-amalite usoro inweta shuga site na rhizomes, a na-edozi elu n'ime nri.
O doro anya na usoro dum nke na-eto ma na-edozi akwụkwọ nri bụ ihe na-agwụ ike ma na-efu oke ego. Agbanyeghi na ihe ọkụkụ a na --emepụta ihe dị ka 100%, ọ na - esiri ndị na - emepụta ya ike ị nweta ezigbo uru site na kụrụ na ahịhịa.
Ka o sina dị, shuga ka bụ ngwaahịa a ma ama kwa ụbọchị, na ịmịpụta ya bụ ihe ekwesiri ekwenye kpamkpam na enweghị atụ.