Mkpụrụ cherry bụ shrub nke kwesịrị nlebara anya nke ndị na-elekọta ubi na ndị na-azụ ya. Osisi a sitere n’Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na ọ bụ naanị n’etiti narị afọ nke 20 ka a ghọtara ya dị ka osisi ndị na-akụ ubi na Europe na America. A na-akọwapụta ewu ewu nke cherry nwere mmetụta n'etiti ndị na-elekọta ubi - uto pụrụ iche nke mkpụrụ osisi na nnukwu ihe ịchọ mma nke ohia.
Njirimara
Ebe obibi nke ugwu cherry bụ ugwu ugwu China, Korea na Mongolia. E nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egosi na a hụrụ ndị nnọchi anya ụdị a na ndịda ụsọ oké osimiri nke Osimiri Mediterenian. Ma ha achọpụtaghị ọkwa n'etiti ndị na-elekọta ubi ma webatabeghị ọdịbendị ha. Eleghi anya n'ihi adịghị mma nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ.
Fry cherry nwetara aha ọma na Russia mgbe IV Michurin kọwara ya. Mgbe omumu ihe omumu na nyocha nke njiri mara, okwesiri idi nkpa nke udara ukpa maka imeputa nkpuru ahihia.
Mkpụrụ cherry bụ shrub nwere ọtụtụ ogwe na-eru elu 1.5 ruo 2 m na okpueze na-agbasa. Ọ dị ezigbo obere ịchọta osisi toro ogologo ruo 3 m ma ọ bụ karịa. Perennial Ome - aja aja ìhè, ok na oké. Kwa Afọ Ome nke greenish-agba aja aja ìhè na atọ n'akụkụ mkpụrụ buds anakọtara. Mkpụrụ osisi na-arụ ọrụ ruo afọ 3-4.
Njirimara njirimara nke shrub bụ pubescence nke Kporo, epupụta mkpụrụ osisi. Nke a bụ ọrụ nchebe nke ahịhịa megide ihe ndị dị na mpụga. Ntutu (trichomes) na-egosipụta ụzarị anyanwụ, na-egbochi ikpo oke ọkụ nke shrub. Na mgbakwunye, nke a na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eguzogide ọgwụ na njem na nchekwa. Igwe ntutu dị nro dị nro n'otu oge yiri mmetụta, nke na-akọwa kpọmkwem aha - enwe cherị.
Obere oval epupụta na corrugated elu. N'oge ọkọchị, a na-acha ha na ọchịchịrị gbara ọchịchịrị, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ha na-enweta oroma tint. Okooko n'out oge na okooko osisi.
Okooko ndị icha mmirimmiri pink, nke nta nke nta na-acha ọcha. Okooko ahụ na-amalite na ngwụcha Mee wee ruo ụbọchị iri ruo ụbọchị iri na ise. N'oge a, mmetụta nke ịchọ mma nke shrub ruru oke ya. Okooko osisi di na nkpuru nkpuru nkpuru osisi di nkpu ghagidere osisi ahu, osisi shrub na-acho udiri nnukwu bọọlụ. Okooko osisi anabataghị okpomọkụ dị ala -3 Celsius C.
Mkpụrụ nke shrub bụ polymorphic - ha dị iche nke ukwuu na iche iche iche na seedlings n'ime ụdị. Onu ogugu nke otu beri sitere na 1 g rue 4.5. Agba nke mkpụrụ osisi sitere na pink na cherị gbara ọchịchịrị, obere oge ị nwere ike ịhụ ahịhịa na-acha ọcha tomato. Na pulp bụ kemmiri ihe na masịrị si ụtọ ka ụtọ-utoojoo. N’ime e nwere obere ọkpụkpụ a na-apụghị ịkọwa ekewa.
Oge nkpuru osisi di iche di iche di iche, site n’etiti etiti June rue etiti onwa-August. Ná nkezi, ọ na-adịgide ruo ụbọchị iri. Mkpụrụ osisi kwụsie ike na alaka dị elu. Dabere na ọtụtụ, site na otu ohia, ị nwere ike ịnakọta site na 5,5 n'arọ ruo 14 n'arọ nke tomato.
Nguzogide ntu oyi nke cherị chere dị elu - shrub nwere ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dịka -40 Celsius C. Nkezi oyi hardiness, na-adịghị ike mgbe nke shrub bụ mgbọrọgwụ olu akwa podoprevanie. Cherry nwere obere ndụ, site na 8 ruo 10 afọ.
Nkọwa nke iche nke udara
N'ihi na mma pollination na mụ kwa afọ mkpụrụ, ọtụtụ iche a umu kwesịrị kụrụ na saịtị ahụ. Nhọrọ na-adọrọ mmasị: site na ijikọta iche iche na oge chara acha dị iche iche, ị nwere ike iwe ihe ubi dị ọhụrụ n’ime ụbọchị 40-45.
Varietiesdị ndị a ma ama:
- Adaeze. Kọmpat (1.2-1.5 m) na shrub dị elu na-amịpụta. Mkpụrụ chara n'onwe nke atọ n'afọ iri nke July. Otu ohia nwere ike ịnakọta 10 n'arọ nke tomato. Mkpụrụ dị arọ 3-4 g, ụtọ ụtọ na obere acidity. Mkpụrụ chara n'onwe mgbe July 20. Uru: enweghị mgbọrọgwụ, iguzogide coccomycosis. Ọghọm: infertility na enweghi nsogbu nke moniliosis.
- Na-ekele. Shrub, na-eru elu nke mita 1.6. Mkpụrụ osisi na mbido July, mkpụrụ osisi sitere na 2 ruo 4 g, ụtọ ụtọ. Arụpụtaghị 11 n'arọ kwa ohia. Njirimara njirimara nke tomato bụ transverse onuete n'elu. Uru: ịba ụba onwe onye na ịchọ mma dị elu. Ihe ọghọm: ibute moniliosis.
- Akụkọ ifo. Obere shrub ruo 1.3 m. Full ripening banyre mkpụrụ osisi na njedebe nke July. Tomato si 3 3,5 g, ekwe ruo 10 n'arọ. Na uto nke tomato bụ ụtọ ma utoojoo. Uru: oyi hardiness, ọkara akọrọ nkewa mkpụrụ osisi. Ọghọm: infertility infertility, iguzogide moniliosis, ịkụcha mkpụrụ osisi na nnukwu owuwe ihe ubi.
- Natalie. Mkpụrụ osisi siri ike, na-eru elu ruo mita 2. Mkpụrụ osisi chara acha site na 10 ruo 15 July. Ná nkezi, afọ nke ịdị arọ nke tomato bụ 5 g, pulp bụ ok, uto ụtọ na utoojoo. Mkpụrụ shrub toro eto bụ 6-7 n'arọ. Ndu iszurẹlu bụ afọ 18. Uru: ogologo oge nke shrub metụtara ụdị ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Ọghọm: egwepịa mkpụrụ osisi nwere nnukwu mkpụrụ, uche na iru mmiri dị elu.
- Damanka... Osisi siri ike nke ruru 3.2 m n'ịdị elu. Mkpụrụ osisi na-egbuke egbuke, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ oji na agba, na-atụle ihe dị ka 3 g. Nkezi mkpụrụ 8 n'arọ kwa ohia. Na tomato n'ụzọ zuru ezu mfri eke ke mbubreyo July na mmalite August. Uru: palatability nke mkpụrụ osisi, nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe kasị mma n'etiti ụdị nke ụdị a, ikwu iguzogide moniliosis. Udi ọghọm: infertility infertility, sensitivity to oké ọkọchị.
Na-eto
N'agbanyeghị ụdị ahụ, cherry ahụ nwere mmetụta dị iche na nke cherry na cherry steppe, site na ihe niile na-egosi na ọ dị nso na kụrụ ndị ọzọ: piom, aprịkọt na piich.
A ghaghi itinye atụmatụ a n'ime oge nke ịkụ ahịhịa nke ụdị a.
Nhọrọ na nkwadebe nke saịtị maka akuku
Cherry hụrụ n'anya na-anụ ọkụ ọkụ ma gbasaa. N’okpokoro osisi gbara agba ma ọ bụ na mpaghara ndị nwere ndo, ome wee gbatịa, mkpụrụ osisi na-ebelata.
Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ebe a kụrụ osisi, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche isi ọghọm nke cherị chere - na-akwado olu akwa mgbọrọgwụ.
Mmebi a na-apụtakarị n'oge oyi, mgbe akwa mkpuchi nke snow na-ada n'elu ala ahụ na-adịghị oyi. Ọ bụrụ na emebila olu mgbọrọgwụ, mmepe nke ndị na-akersụ mgbọrọgwụ na-akwụsị, nke na-eduga n'ọnwụ nke shrub.
Ya mere, ịkwesịrị ịhọrọ saịtị na ugwu ebe mkpuchi snow bụ ihe dị mkpa. Iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke podoprevaniya n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ịkwesịrị ịkwanye ala gburugburu olu akwa mgbọrọgwụ na omimi nke 7-10 cm ma jupụta oghere ahụ na aja na-adịghị mma.
Osisi shrub na-eto eto nke ọma na ala mmiri na ala aja na ájá nwere ájá dị nro na ikuku dị elu na omimi miri emi nke na-erughị mita 3. Isi mgbọrọgwụ nke cherry chere na ọ dị na omimi nke 35 cm, ya mere a ga-ahazi ala ala a ma baa ụba na nri.
E gwuru ala ahọpụtara ma n'otu oge ahụ a na-etinye fatịlaịza maka 1m ọ bụla2:
- nri ma ọ bụ compost 15 n'arọ;
- potassium chloride 120 g;
- superphosphate 250g.
Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-eme olulu ịkụ osisi nwere mgbidi dị obosara nke dị sentimita 50 n'obosara na omimi miri dị cm 45. E debere elu ala maka njupụta n'olulu ahụ n'ọdịnihu. A kwadebere ala ahụ na olulu maka ịkụ ihe maka mmiri n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, maka oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ n'oge ọkọchị.
Kedu otu esi akụ ma lekọta mkpụrụ osisi na mpaghara Moscow?
Enwere ike ịkụ cherị na mmiri ma daa. Nyere nkezi oyi hardiness nke shrub, ahụmahụ gardeners nwere ike ikwu na-eme nke a na mmiri, mgbe a ufọk ufene okpomọkụ nke + 15 Celsius C na-guzobere. N'okwu a, osisi ahụ ga-eme ka usoro mgbọrọgwụ ya na ihe jikọrọ ya sie ike. Nke a na-enye ndị ọzọ di nke lanarị karịa mgbe kere ke iduọ.
Maka akuku, họrọ seedling ruo afọ abụọ. Akwa-edu akuku ihe onwunwe - a seedling ruo 1 m n'ịdị elu, na ike mgbọrọgwụ nke na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ 25 cm n'ogologo na a uka nke tojuru mgbọrọgwụ.
Mejupụta osisi olulu ị ga-achọ:
- nri ma ọ bụ compost 3 bọket;
- superphosphate 40 g;
- potassium chloride 20 g;
A na-agwakọta ihe ndị a na ala a na-edebe. Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa acidity nke ala dị elu, gbakwunye ha 300 g wayo. Nhọrọ dị mma bụ akwa drainage na ala nke olulu ahụ nke nkume nzu nzu, nke ga-edozi acidity nke mkpụrụ ahụ ma mee ka mmiri gbapụ n'olulu ahụ. Na okpuru olulu ahụ, ịkwesịrị ịrapara osisi (1.5 m) iji kee seedling. Atụmatụ a tụrụ aro maka ịkụ osisi bụ 2x1m.
N'etiti oghere ahụ, ịkwesịrị ịmepụta mound ma gbasaa mgbọrọgwụ cherry n'elu elu ya. Ọ dị mkpa na olu akwa mgbọrọgwụ na-anọgide n'elu ala site na ihe dịka cm 5. Nke a ga-egbochi ya ịmalite ịdị omimi mgbe ala na-ada mbà. Mgbọrọgwụ nke seedling na-kpuchie na ala ngwakọta na elu na-compacted.
Mkpụrụ ahụ kwesịrị iji bọket 2-3 nke mmiri ọkụ gbaa ya mmiri, ma, mgbe ala ahụ gwụsịrị, jupụta ala ndị ahụ na ala. Mgbe ahụ, nso-azuokokoosisi gburugburu na-mulched na peat ma ọ bụ sawdust.
A na-eme ka akụkụ nke ikuku nke otu afọ belata site na 30 cm mgbe a kụsịrị ya. Na mkpuru osisi dị afọ abụọ, a hapụrụ ihe ruru alaka 6 siri ike, na-ebelata ha site na 1/4.
Nlekọta seedling
Mgbe ị na-elekọta cherị nwere mmetụta, ọ dị mkpa icheta adịghị ike nke shrub: ndozi nke okpueze, ịdị nro nke ọrịa fungal na ịkwado usoro mgbọrọgwụ. Ndị fọdụrụ n'ime cherị ahụ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ chọghị ọrụ pụrụ iche nke onye ọrụ ubi.
Basic iwu nke na-elekọta:
- Gbara mmiri. Gbara mmiri ka a na-eme naanị n'oge ihu igwe akọrọ, na-achịkwa ọkwa iru mmiri mgbe niile.
- Na-egbochi. Cherị ndị chọrọ nlezianya na ala acidity. Site na ngbanwe siri ike site na mmeghachi omume alkaline na shrub, a na-eche metabolism. Nke a na-emetụta ozugbo fruiting, ya mere liming nke ala a rụrụ kwa afọ 5.
- Mgbochi ọrịa. Amanyere bụ iwu nke ọgwụgwọ na fungicides ke mgbụsị akwụkwọ na mmiri. Usoro a na-rụrụ na September na tupu nwa osisi ezumike ke ini utọ. Maka nke a, a na-agba osisi ahụ na mmiri Bordeaux.
- Uwe elu. N'ime afọ abụọ mbụ, ọ dịghị mkpa ka seedling. Okenye osisi na-nri ugboro abụọ n'oge. Ke n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ mgbe owuwe ihe ubi na akpati gburugburu kwa 1 m2 tinye: superphosphate (15 g), potassium chloride (20 g), na mmiri tupu nwa osisi ezumike - ammonium nitrate (20 g).
- Na-akwadebe maka oyi. Na-eto eto seedlings na-kpudo n'ala ma kpuchie ya na spruce alaka ma ọ bụ ahịhịa. A na-agba osisi gburugburu ogwe osisi na peat (30 cm).
- Pests. Shrub anaghị adịkarị emetụta pests. Ihe ize ndụ maka cherị bụ naanị oke mmeri nke saịtị ahụ site na aphids na scabbards. N'okwu a, a na-eji ọgwụ ahụhụ eme ihe.
Otu ihe dị mkpa usoro na-eto eto nke osisi na-kwachaa. A ga-eme ya kwa afọ iji belata okpueze ahụ.
Kwachaa
Osisi nile nke udara iche nke umu a nwere ike ichota okpueze. Nke a na-ebelata arụpụtaghị ha, ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịmepụta okpueze ma jigide ogo njupụta kachasị mma n'ime afọ ndị na-esonụ.
Guzobe okpueze nke ohia ka emeputara na nke ato mgbe akuku. Iji mee nke a, ịkwesịrị ịhọrọ ụbọchị anwụ na-acha n'etiti etiti March, kwadebe nkọcha pruner na ogige var.
Kwachaa rụrụ tupu mmalite nke sap eruba, nke a na-arụ ọrụ na mmalite nke akụrụ edemede frasi. Ọ bụrụ na agbaghara oge ndị a, ọ ka mma ichere ruo oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe osisi ahụ na-abanye n'ọnọdụ ezumike. Ma, ohia ga-ala n'iyi na mgbake nke unan, na-akwụsịlata mmepe Filiks. Ọtụtụ mgbe, cherị na-arịa ọrịa.
Kwachaa usoro:
- họrọ 10-12 nke alaka ndị kachasị ike;
- na-arịa ọrịa, mebiri emebi na akọrọ alaka kpamkpam wepụrụ;
- ihe karịrị 50 cm dị mkpụmkpụ site na 1/4.
N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ị ga-agbaso usoro ndị a mgbe niile, na-achịkwa uto nke mmụba. Ọrụ nke ịkwacha kwa afọ bụ ohere kachasị nke ìhè na okpueze.
Ka ohia na-etolite, a na-eme ka pkwacha dị ọhụrụ. A na-ewepụ ọtụtụ Ome n'akụkụ n'oge usoro a. N'ihi nke a, ome kwa afọ ga-apụta n'akụkụ ịkpụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasị, ọ dị mkpa iwepụ agbapụ ochie niile dị n’elu ha. A na-eme ụdị ocha ahụ ka ọ na-eto nke ọma ma weghachite ohia ndị oyi kpọnwụrụ.
A na-eme ngalaba naanị akụrụngwa mepere emepe na obere mkpọda. N'ihi ya, mmiri agaghị agbakọ n'elu ebe a na-egbutu ya. Mgbe ị na-ewepụ alaka niile, a na-eme ya n'akụkụ elu nke annular bead, imebi iwu a na-eduga na oke ịkpụ elu. A ghaghị iji akwa oyi akwa nke ogige varnish kpuchie nnukwu ọnya.
Mmeputakwa
Obi uto na-propagated site na osisi, cuttings na layering. Methodzọ nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara nke ya, dabere na nke ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ nhọrọ kachasị mma. Mgbasa mkpụrụ
Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ihe ọkụkụ, ọ dị mkpa ị paya ntị na ọnọdụ nke ohia. A kacha mma mkpụrụ àgwà nwere mkpụrụ nke n'ụzọ zuru ezu mfri eke ẹdatde, kọmpat bushes enweghị drooping-egbu mgbu alaka ya nke onwunwu ike ogbugbo.
A na-ekewa mkpụrụ ndị ahụ na pulp, sachaa ya na mmiri ma kpoo ya na ala kpọrọ nkụ n'ime ime ụlọ. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-enịm ke n'ígwé nke mmiri ájá na-ewepụ ka jụụ ụlọ.
Ọkpụkpụ na-akụ tupu oyi. Maka nke a, a na-akwadebe ihu ihu nke ikuku nke ikuku na nke ọma nke ọma. A na-akụ mkpụrụ n'ime ala ụbọchị 15 tupu ntu oyi.
Osisi nkebi:
- a na-etolite furrow na omimi 2 cm na ahịrị oghere 30 cm n'elu riiji ahụ;
- a na-akụ ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ ọnụ na ájá dị anya nke 50 cm site na ibe ha;
- a na-eji ọka ma ọ bụ peat mulched ihe ọkụkụ;
- mgbe ọdịdị nke akwụkwọ nke anọ, ahịhịa dị iche iche, na-ahapụ naanị ome okike;
- mgbe seedlings eto 30 cm, tuo 1/3 nke isi mgbọrọgwụ;
- tupu ngwụcha oge uto, a na-eme fatịlaịza atọ na fatịlaịza nitrogenous;
- ịgbara naanị na ihu igwe akọrọ, ugboro abụọ n'izu.
A na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ gbanye ebe na-adịgide adịgide mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị. Osisi a kụrụ n'ụzọ dị otú a na-amalite ịmị mkpụrụ mgbe afọ 4 gachara.
Ihe dị iche iche nke cherry nwere mmetụta bụ nchekwa kachasị nke njirimara nke nne nne mgbe mkpụrụ na-agbasa. Ihe onwunwe a adịkarịghị ụkọ ma n'ọtụtụ ọdịnala na-egosipụta ya naanị n'oge mmeba nke ahịhịa.
Mgbasa site na cuttings na mgbụsị akwụkwọ na mmiri
Vegetzọ isi nke ahịhịa ndụ nke mgbasa nke mmetụta cherị bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. A na-egbute ihe akuku n'ime afọ iri mbụ nke June site na uto ndị na-eto eto, mgbe ha ruru 15-20 cm.
Usoro ozuzu:
- a na-egbutu osisi nwere mkpụrụ osisi 3-4 site na uto ahụ;
- a na-eme ka ịkpụ ala n'okpuru akụrụ, na-elele akụkụ mkpọda nke 45 Celsius, nke dị elu karịa akụrụ - horizontally;
- a na-etinye cuttings maka awa 12 na uto stimulator - ihe ngwọta nke heteroauxin (30 ml) na mmiri (1 l);
- na griin haus, a na-agbanye ájá calcined (4-5 cm) n'elu ala nke ala bara ụba;
- cuttings na-akụ na mkpụrụ nsannsan 15 cm na n'akuku nke 60 Celsius, na-ahapụ abụọ buds n'elu.
Mkpụrụ osisi ndị ahụ ga-agbanye mkpọrọgwụ n'ime ụbọchị 25-30. N'oge a, griin haus kwesịrị ịnọgide na-enwe nnukwu iru mmiri ma na-eme ka mkpụrụ ahụ dị ọcha mgbe niile. Tupu ị kụrụ na ebe na-adịgide adịgide, shrub ahụ toro n'otu afọ na griin haus ma ọ bụ na riiji. Site na usoro mmeputakwa, shrub malitere amị mkpụrụ mgbe afọ atọ gachara.
Na-eto eto cherị bụ mmasị ọ bụghị naanị ndị hụrụ elu-edu culinary preparations. Mkpụrụ nke shrub nwere nnukwu nri nri ma jiri ya nke ọma na-agwọ atherosclerosis na ọbara mgbali. A na-eji ndị na-emepụta shrub na ọdịdị ala akpọrọ ihe, na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe atụ.
N'ikpeazụ, obere vidiyo na otu esi elekọta cherị (gụnyere ndị burgundy) na mpaghara Moscow: